What should you know about retinoblastoma in newborn?

Retinoblastoma begins in retinal cells. In a newborn, it may be noticed because a pupil looks white in certain light or photographs, the eyes do not point in the same direction, or an eye looks red or enlarged. These signs are not specific to cancer, but a newborn with a persistent or unusual eye appearance should be examined without delay.

A specialist may examine the eyes using anaesthesia so the whole retina can be seen safely and clearly. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging can help show whether the abnormality is inside the eye or involves nearby structures. The team may also discuss family history and genetic assessment.

Ask the maternity, paediatric or eye-care team for an urgent referral if retinoblastoma is suspected. Keep any photographs that show the pupil reflection and note when you first noticed it. Do not put drops, creams or home remedies into the eye unless prescribed.

Treatment depends on the number and position of tumours and whether one or both eyes are affected. Options can include chemotherapy, focal treatments, and in selected cases a radiation treatment placed close to the tumour. The specialists will explain the aim of each option and how it may affect the eye.

Seek immediate medical advice for a white or abnormal pupil, a swollen or painful eye, new redness, a sudden change in how the baby tracks light, or unusual sleepiness after an examination or procedure. A fever or feeding difficulty after treatment also warrants prompt contact with the treating team.

What did the eye examination show? Is the concern in one eye or both? Which scans are needed? What is the purpose of the proposed treatment? Could this be inherited, and should parents or siblings receive genetic advice?