What should you know about repairing skin after sunburn?

Sunburn is an ultraviolet injury that disrupts the outer skin barrier. Redness, warmth, tenderness and later peeling can occur as damaged surface cells shed. Blisters indicate a deeper injury and should be protected rather than opened. The discomfort may settle while the barrier is still fragile, so newly peeled skin remains especially sensitive.

Repeated ultraviolet injury contributes to sun-damaged skin over time, including uneven colour and changes in texture. A fresh burn and longer-term photoaging are related but need different conversations with a clinician.

Cool the skin with a tepid shower or clean cool compress, then pat dry and apply a bland moisturiser or emollient while the skin is slightly damp. Drink fluids, wear loose clothing and stay out of direct sun until the area settles. Leave peeling skin alone and do not puncture blisters; cover them with a clean, non-stick dressing if they rub against clothing. Avoid fragranced products, harsh scrubs and topical anaesthetics that irritate broken skin. A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether an anti-inflammatory cream is appropriate for a particular area.

Seek medical advice for extensive blistering, severe pain, marked swelling, signs of infection, or a burn involving the eyes, face, hands or genitals. Urgent assessment is appropriate with confusion, faintness, repeated vomiting or inability to keep fluids down. Children and people with significant medical conditions may need earlier advice. Do not use steroid cream on blistered or broken skin unless a clinician recommends it.

Ask whether the burn depth needs examination, which emollient suits your skin, how to dress blisters and when you can resume usual skin products. If redness or peeling keeps returning, ask about sun protection and whether another skin condition is contributing.