Rectal cancer symptoms: what to know

A person may notice blood mixed with stool or on the toilet paper, new constipation or diarrhoea, increased urgency, or mucus. Cramping, pelvic discomfort, tiredness, or unplanned weight loss can also occur. These findings have many possible causes, including haemorrhoids, infections, and other bowel conditions; symptoms alone cannot establish the cause. A clinician may ask when the change began, whether it is worsening, and whether close relatives have had bowel cancer.

Arrange a medical assessment for bleeding or a bowel change that persists, returns, or differs from your usual pattern. Keep a brief record of stool changes, bleeding, pain, medicines, and family history. Examination may include a rectal examination and tests such as blood work, stool testing, or colonoscopy. If cancer is confirmed, treatment planning depends on its position, extent, and your general health; options may include radiotherapy, chemotherapy before surgery, or rectal cancer surgery.

Seek urgent care for heavy or ongoing rectal bleeding, black or tarry stool, faintness, severe abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, or a swollen abdomen with inability to pass stool or gas. These signs can indicate significant bleeding or bowel blockage and need prompt assessment. Do not wait for routine review if you feel weak, confused, or unable to keep fluids down.

What could explain my bleeding or bowel change? Which examination or test should come first? How should I prepare for a colonoscopy? If cancer is found, where is it located and what treatments might be considered?