Reasons for an early water break during pregnancy

The membranes around the baby may rupture before contractions begin. When this occurs before term, it is often called preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. Fluid may come as a gush or a continuing trickle, and it can be confused with urine or normal discharge. A maternity assessment can check the fluid and the baby’s wellbeing.

Possible contributors include infection, inflammation, a short or opening cervix, bleeding, problems affecting the membranes, or a previous early rupture. Sometimes no single reason is found, and this does not mean you caused it through ordinary movement or activity.

If you think your waters have broken, contact your maternity unit immediately. Use a pad to observe the fluid, note its colour and smell, and avoid tampons, sex, or putting anything in the vagina until assessed. Do not rely on a home test. Depending on gestation, infection checks, monitoring, antibiotics, steroid treatment, or planning birth may be discussed. Ask about an [Antenatal Steroid Injection](/treatments/pregnancy-and-birth-care/antenatal-corticosteroid-injection/) and [Induction of Labour](/treatments/pregnancy-and-birth-care/induction-of-labour/).

Seek urgent maternity advice for fever, chills, abdominal or back pain, contractions, bleeding, reduced baby movements, or fluid that is green, brown, or strongly unpleasant-smelling. These signs may indicate infection, labour, bleeding, or concern for the baby. If you feel seriously unwell, use emergency services.

Ask whether the membranes have ruptured, how infection and the baby will be monitored, how long expectant care may be appropriate, and what would lead to birth. Ask whether steroid treatment or antibiotics are advised for your pregnancy stage.