Prostate cancer and radiotherapy

Radiotherapy uses carefully planned radiation to damage cancer cells in a selected area. External treatment directs beams from a machine, while internal treatment places radioactive sources in or near the prostate. Planning may include scans, positioning measurements, and a review of the prostate, urinary system, bowel, and previous treatments. The aim is to treat the intended area while limiting exposure to nearby healthy tissue. Effects can include tiredness, urinary urgency or burning, bowel looseness, rectal irritation, and changes in erections; their timing and intensity vary.

Ask your radiotherapy team how to prepare for each visit, what bladder or bowel instructions apply, and which medicines should continue. Keep a record of urinary and bowel changes so the team can adjust supportive care. Drink and eat according to the plan provided rather than changing your routine based on general advice. Follow-up commonly includes PSA review and questions about side effects. Treatment types include [Radiotherapy](/treatments/radiation-oncology/radiotherapy/) and [Brachytherapy](/treatments/radiation-oncology/brachytherapy/); your specialist will explain which approach fits your cancer.

Contact the treatment team promptly if you cannot pass urine, develop heavy bleeding, have severe or rapidly worsening pain, or cannot keep fluids down. Fever with feeling very unwell also needs urgent advice. Seek emergency help for chest pain, severe breathlessness, fainting, or sudden confusion. Report persistent changes in bowel movements, urine control, or sexual function at routine visits so they can be assessed and treated.

Ask which radiotherapy method is proposed, how nearby organs will be protected, and which effects should be reported immediately. Discuss how PSA will be followed and whether [Targeted Radioisotope Therapy](/treatments/radiation-oncology/targeted-radioisotope-therapy/) or [Prostate Removal Surgery](/treatments/surgical-oncology/prostatectomy/) is relevant to your treatment plan.