What should you know about primary and secondary syphilis?

The primary sore may occur on the genitals, anus, mouth, or another area that had contact with an infected lesion. It can heal without treatment, but the infection remains. Secondary syphilis may bring a rash, including on the palms or soles, swollen glands, fever, sore throat, or patchy hair loss. Symptoms can be mild or absent, so their disappearance does not show that the infection has cleared.

Arrange a sexual-health assessment if you notice a compatible sore or rash, or if a partner has been diagnosed. [STI Screening](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/sti-screening/) may include blood tests and examination. If syphilis is confirmed, complete the prescribed [Antibiotic Treatment](/treatments/medical-management/antibiotic-treatment/) and attend follow-up testing. Avoid sexual contact until a clinician explains when it is safe, and inform recent partners so they can be assessed.

Seek prompt medical care for a new painless sore, unexplained rash after sexual contact, or a partner's positive diagnosis. Get urgent help for severe headache, vision changes, hearing changes, weakness, confusion, or problems with balance, because syphilis can affect the nervous system or sense organs. Tell the clinician if you are pregnant or might be pregnant.

Ask which tests you need, whether partners require assessment, when follow-up is due, and what symptoms should trigger urgent review.