How to prevent rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis occurs when muscle cells break down and release their contents into the bloodstream. It can follow an unusually intense workout, a rapid return after inactivity, prolonged exertion, heat exposure, dehydration or repeated exercise without recovery. Ordinary post-exercise soreness generally improves with time, while severe or unexpected symptoms need a different response. Your fitness level, medicines and health conditions can change how much exertion is appropriate.

Begin a new programme at an easy level and increase duration, resistance or intensity in stages rather than changing everything together. Warm up, take rest breaks and avoid maximal efforts when unwell, overheated or poorly recovered. Drink fluids regularly according to thirst and conditions, and move to a cooler place during hot training. Do not use supplements or medicines marketed for performance without checking their suitability. Keep a written plan when returning to demanding exercise, and stop if symptoms become unusually intense. Typical soreness is described here: [Muscle Soreness After Exercise](/symptoms/muscle-soreness-after-exercise/).

Stop exercising and seek urgent medical advice for severe muscle pain, marked swelling, unusual weakness, vomiting, confusion, fainting or urine that is dark or much less frequent than usual. Do not wait for symptoms to settle if they are disproportionate to the workout or you struggle to move normally. A clinician may check muscle injury and kidney function with examination and tests. Tell them about recent exercise, heat exposure, medicines and supplements.

Ask how quickly to progress your programme, how much recovery you need, and whether a medicine or health condition changes your exercise plan. Ask which symptoms require emergency care and when it is safe to train again after a suspected episode.