Preterm premature rupture of membranes: what to know

The fluid may come as a gush or a continuing trickle, and it can be difficult to distinguish from urine or normal pregnancy discharge. A maternity team may ask when the fluid began, examine you, check your temperature and pulse, and monitor the baby. They may also test the fluid and look for signs of infection or contractions.

The timing of the membrane rupture, your health, the baby's wellbeing, and any infection signs guide the plan. The membranes do not always lead to labour immediately, but the pregnancy needs close clinical supervision because infection and early birth are possible.

Contact your maternity unit immediately if you think your waters have broken early. Use a clean maternity pad to observe the fluid; note its colour, smell, and when the leaking started. Avoid putting anything into the vagina, including tampons, and avoid sex until a clinician has assessed you.

Follow the monitoring and medication plan you are given. Depending on gestational age and findings, care may include observation in hospital, antibiotics, medicines to support fetal lung development such as an [Antenatal Steroid Injection](/treatments/pregnancy-and-birth-care/antenatal-corticosteroid-injection/), or planning birth when that is safer.

Seek urgent maternity help for fever or chills, feeling suddenly unwell, abdominal or back pain, regular contractions, vaginal bleeding, unpleasant-smelling or green fluid, or reduced baby movements. A cord or part of the baby at the vaginal opening is an emergency: call emergency services and do not push it back.

Ask how the rupture was confirmed, how the baby will be monitored, which symptoms should prompt immediate review, and how long observation is appropriate. Ask when birth would be recommended and whether [Induction of Labour](/treatments/pregnancy-and-birth-care/induction-of-labour/) could be part of the plan.