What should you know about preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes?

Preterm labour involves contractions that may change the cervix before the pregnancy reaches term. Premature rupture of membranes can cause a gush or continuous leak of clear fluid before labour begins. When the rupture happens before term, it is often called PPROM.

Fluid leakage can be confused with urine or vaginal discharge, so an examination is needed. The team may check your temperature, pulse, blood pressure, baby’s heart rate, contractions, and signs of infection. A speculum examination or other tests may help confirm whether the membranes have ruptured.

Call your maternity unit as soon as you notice fluid leakage, rhythmic tightening, pelvic pressure, backache, bleeding, or a change in discharge. Use a sanitary pad rather than a tampon, note the colour and smell of the fluid, and avoid putting anything in the vagina until assessed.

Care may involve observation, infection checks, fetal monitoring, and medicines chosen for your gestation and circumstances. An antenatal steroid injection may be discussed to support fetal lung maturity. If birth becomes necessary, induction of labour may be considered.

Seek urgent maternity care for fever or chills, foul-smelling or green fluid, vaginal bleeding, worsening pain, regular contractions, feeling unwell, or reduced baby movements. A visible cord or a strong urge to push is an emergency: call emergency services and follow their instructions.

Have my membranes definitely ruptured? Are there signs of infection? How will you monitor my baby? What treatment is recommended at this stage? What symptoms mean I should return immediately?