Pregnancy placental abruption: what to know

The placenta supplies oxygen and nutrients to the baby. Separation can reduce that supply and may cause bleeding inside the womb, so visible bleeding is not always present. Warning signs can include sudden abdominal or back pain, a tender or hard-feeling womb, frequent contractions, or reduced baby movements. Assessment may include monitoring you and the baby, examination and ultrasound.

If abruption is suspected, contact maternity emergency services immediately and do not drive yourself if you feel unwell, faint or in severe pain. Keep track of bleeding and baby movements while help is arranged. Hospital care may include fluids, blood tests, monitoring and a decision about the safest timing and method of birth. A [Caesarean Section](/treatments/pregnancy-and-birth-care/caesarean-section/) may be considered when rapid birth is needed.

Treat vaginal bleeding, severe or constant abdominal pain, a rigid womb, contractions close together, dizziness, fainting or reduced baby movements as an emergency. Call for immediate help even if the bleeding appears small, because the amount seen outside the body may not reflect the amount inside.

Ask how the placenta and baby are being monitored, whether you need admission, what changes should trigger an emergency call, and how the birth plan depends on your symptoms, pregnancy stage and the baby’s condition. Ask what support is available after birth if the experience has been frightening.