Possible symptoms of food poisoning

Food poisoning is an illness caused by contaminated food or drink. Symptoms may begin suddenly and can vary from mild stomach upset to repeated vomiting or frequent loose stools. Abdominal pain may feel cramp-like. Fever can occur when the body responds to infection. These symptoms can also have other causes, so the pattern, timing, recent meals and whether anyone else is ill help a clinician assess you.

Vomiting and diarrhoea can remove water and salts from the body. Signs of dehydration include a dry mouth, marked thirst, dark urine, passing urine less often, dizziness or unusual weakness.

Take small, frequent sips of water or an oral rehydration solution, especially after vomiting or a loose stool. Rest, and return to simple foods when you feel able. Avoid preparing food for other people while you are unwell, wash your hands carefully, and do not share towels. An oral rehydration therapy service can explain suitable fluid replacement; severe dehydration may require IV fluid therapy.

Seek urgent medical help if you cannot keep fluids down, feel faint or confused, have severe or worsening abdominal pain, blood in vomit or stool, or signs of significant dehydration. Arrange prompt assessment for a high or persistent fever, symptoms that are not settling, or illness in a young child, older adult, pregnant person, or someone with a weakened immune system. Emergency help is appropriate if the person becomes difficult to wake or collapses.

Ask which symptoms suggest dehydration, how much fluid replacement is suitable, whether testing or treatment is needed, and how to reduce the risk of passing the illness to household members.