What is poliovirus?

The virus multiplies in the intestine after entering the body. Many infected people have no symptoms or develop a mild fever, tiredness, sore throat, nausea, or stomach upset. A smaller group develops inflammation affecting the brain or spinal cord, which can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis.

People can pass poliovirus on even when they feel well. Spread is more likely where sanitation or handwashing is difficult, because virus from stool can reach another person’s mouth. Vaccination gives the most reliable protection against serious disease.

Use soap and water after using the toilet or changing nappies, and before preparing or eating food. Drink water from a safe source and wash produce appropriately. Check that household immunisations are up to date, especially before travel or when a local health authority reports exposure.

If exposure is suspected, contact a healthcare professional for tailored advice. Do not share towels or eating utensils with someone who is unwell, and clean frequently touched bathroom surfaces.

Get urgent medical help for rapidly developing weakness, difficulty walking, trouble breathing or swallowing, or loss of movement. A severe headache with neck stiffness or marked drowsiness also warrants urgent assessment. Mild fever or stomach symptoms alone have many possible causes, so a clinician may need to consider the person’s vaccination and exposure history.

Ask whether testing is needed, whether anyone close to you needs advice, and whether your vaccination record provides adequate protection for your circumstances.