What should you know about polio symptoms and treatment?

Possible early symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and abdominal discomfort. Some people develop neck or back stiffness, muscle pain or increased sensitivity. When poliovirus affects the nervous system, weakness or paralysis may develop, sometimes with swallowing or breathing difficulty.

A healthcare professional may check movement, muscle strength, reflexes, breathing and swallowing, with tests arranged when appropriate. Care is supportive: rest, fluids, treatment for discomfort, breathing support when needed, and rehabilitation such as physiotherapy or occupational therapy. Antibiotics do not treat poliovirus.

Seek same-day medical advice for new weakness, stiffness with fever, or difficulty swallowing. Until assessed, wash hands carefully after using the toilet or helping a child, clean frequently touched surfaces, and follow instructions about contact with others. Keep vaccination records available so the clinician can identify any missing protection.

Do not force food or drink if swallowing is unsafe. A clinician can advise on hydration and whether specialist care or public-health follow-up is required.

Get emergency help for breathing difficulty, choking, inability to swallow, rapidly progressing weakness, or inability to stand or walk. Prompt support can protect breathing and reduce the danger of complications while assessment is underway.

Ask what tests are planned, how breathing and swallowing will be monitored, what rehabilitation is suitable, and whether close contacts need vaccination or other public-health advice.