Polio in humans

Poliovirus usually enters through the mouth and may remain in the digestive system. Some people develop fever, headache, sore throat, vomiting or abdominal discomfort. A smaller group develops inflammation affecting the brain or spinal cord, with severe muscle pain, stiffness, weakness or paralysis. Breathing and swallowing can be affected when the relevant muscles or nerves are involved. Recovery and long-term effects vary between individuals.

Check vaccination status with a healthcare professional, particularly for children, travellers and anyone whose records are incomplete. Wash hands thoroughly after toilet use and before food preparation, keep drinking water safe, and follow public-health instructions after a suspected exposure. Do not share towels, utensils or drinks while someone has an unexplained infectious illness. Childhood Immunisation covers routine preventive care.

Sudden weakness, a new limp, difficulty standing, trouble swallowing or breathing, or severe neck and back stiffness requires emergency assessment. A fever with progressive weakness also needs urgent review. Tell the clinician about recent travel, vaccination history and possible contact with an infected person, as these details guide the assessment.

Ask whether symptoms suggest nerve involvement, whether isolation or testing advice applies, and whether close contacts need vaccination review or monitoring.