What should you know about polio and post polio syndrome?

Poliomyelitis is an infection that can affect the nervous system. Some people have mild illness, while others develop weakness, difficulty moving or problems with swallowing and breathing. Post-polio syndrome is considered when a person who recovered from polio later develops gradually increasing weakness, muscle or joint pain, tiredness, reduced stamina or sensitivity to cold.

These symptoms have other possible causes, including medication effects, nerve problems and sleep disorders. Diagnosis usually involves a history of previous polio, an examination and tests chosen to rule out alternatives. The later syndrome is not the same as a new polio infection.

Arrange a clinical assessment for unexplained weakness, falls, fatigue or a change in mobility, especially if you previously had polio. Pacing can help: alternate activity with planned rest, avoid repeatedly exhausting weak muscles and use prescribed mobility or breathing equipment correctly.

A rehabilitation clinician may suggest gentle strengthening, energy conservation, safer transfers and adjustments at home or work. Review pain, sleep, mood, nutrition and breathing with the healthcare team. Childhood protection remains relevant; see [Childhood Immunisation](/treatments/preventive-care-and-vaccination/childhood-immunisation/).

Seek emergency help for sudden weakness, new facial drooping, inability to speak, severe trouble swallowing or breathing, or a rapidly changing level of alertness. These symptoms need urgent assessment and should not be assumed to be post-polio syndrome.

Arrange prompt medical review for steadily worsening strength, repeated falls, new morning headaches, choking episodes or breathlessness when lying down. Bring a list of symptoms, their timing and any equipment you use.

Ask whether your symptoms fit post-polio syndrome or another condition, which tests are appropriate, how to exercise safely, and whether a physiotherapy, occupational therapy, neurology or respiratory referral would help.