What does Perthes disease mean in children?

The femoral head is the rounded top of the thigh bone that fits into the hip socket. With Perthes disease, its blood supply is reduced for a period of time. The bone can soften and change shape before it gradually repairs. This process can cause a limp, stiffness, or discomfort in the hip, groin, thigh, or sometimes the knee.

Children may not describe hip pain clearly. A change in walking, avoiding sport, or difficulty putting on shoes can be an early clue. The condition and its recovery vary between children, so the hip is followed over time.

Keep scheduled orthopaedic reviews and follow the recommended limits on running, jumping, or weight-bearing. Offer activities that keep the child comfortable and do not force a stiff hip. A physiotherapist can show safe exercises and ways to maintain movement. Children may need reassurance that the condition is being monitored and that they can tell an adult when pain or stiffness changes.

Seek urgent medical help if the child cannot walk, has sudden severe pain, has fever with a hot or swollen hip, or seems very unwell. Contact the care team if the limp worsens, movement becomes more restricted, or discomfort continues despite the agreed plan.

Ask what movements are safe, how school and physical education should be managed, and which symptoms should be reported. Ask how often the hip will be checked and whether exercises, walking aids, or another treatment may be needed.