Perineal tears not related to childbirth

The perineum is the area between the vaginal opening and anus. A tear may affect only the surface skin or extend into the soft tissue and muscles beneath it. Sex, vigorous rubbing, a fall, sports impact, a medical procedure, dryness or an inflammatory skin condition can all make the tissue more vulnerable. Burning with urine, tenderness, a small split, spotting, bruising or pain when sitting can occur.

The appearance of a wound does not reliably show its depth. An examination can identify damage near the vaginal opening, urethra or anal muscles and can distinguish a tear from an ulcer, rash or infection.

Stop the activity that caused pain and avoid intercourse, penetration, cycling and tight clothing until symptoms settle or you have been examined. Wash with plain lukewarm water, dry by patting, and change damp underwear. Do not apply perfume, harsh antiseptic or unprescribed creams to broken skin. Prevent constipation by drinking fluids, eating fibre and avoiding straining.

Book a clinician visit for a visible split, repeated bleeding, significant pain or symptoms that are not improving. Care may involve observation, wound protection, pain relief, infection treatment when indicated or repair of a deeper wound. Pelvic-floor rehabilitation may be considered for lingering tightness or pain; [Postnatal Physiotherapy](/treatments/pelvic-floor-and-rehabilitation/postnatal-physiotherapy/) provides related information. [Perineal Repair](/treatments/pregnancy-and-birth-care/perineal-repair/) covers repair care.

Get urgent help if bleeding is heavy or will not stop, the wound is deep or gaping, pain is severe, swelling is marked, you cannot urinate, or you develop loss of bowel control. Seek prompt review for fever, pus, spreading redness, foul-smelling discharge or worsening pain. A clinician should also assess a tear after significant impact or when the injury may involve the anal opening.

Ask what caused the tissue to split, whether the muscles are involved, how to keep the wound clean, and which activities to pause. Clarify when penetration and exercise are safe, how to manage bowel movements, and whether persistent pain needs pelvic-floor assessment.