What should you know about people with cholera?

Cholera is caused by bacteria that affect the intestine. Illness may be mild or may cause sudden, profuse watery diarrhoea with vomiting. The main danger is dehydration: thirst, dry mouth, weakness, dizziness, reduced urination, sunken eyes or unusual sleepiness can develop as fluid and electrolytes are lost.

Because fluid loss can outpace what a person can replace at home, suspected cholera should be assessed promptly. Extra care is needed for infants, older adults, pregnant people and anyone with another illness.

Begin oral rehydration therapy as directed while arranging medical assessment. Take frequent small sips if vomiting makes drinking difficult, and continue replacing fluids after each loose stool. Use a prepared oral rehydration solution rather than relying on very sugary drinks or alcohol.

A clinician may test the illness and decide whether additional treatment is needed. Severe dehydration may require IV fluid therapy in a medical facility. Wash hands carefully, use safe water and avoid preparing food for others while unwell.

Seek urgent care for repeated watery diarrhoea, inability to drink, persistent vomiting, faintness, confusion, very little urine, severe weakness or signs of shock. Treat a child, older adult or pregnant person with diarrhoea and dehydration signs as needing prompt medical review.

Ask how much oral rehydration solution to take, which warning signs require emergency care, whether testing or medicine is needed, and how to protect household members from contaminated water or food.