What should you know about pain from sunburn?

Ultraviolet exposure injures skin cells and triggers inflammation. The affected area may become red, hot, tender, and uncomfortable to touch. Later, the surface can peel as damaged cells are shed. Blisters indicate a deeper burn and should be treated gently. The amount of pain does not reliably show the full extent of skin injury, and redness may become more noticeable after exposure rather than immediately.

Repeated sunburn contributes to sun-damaged skin over time. A sunburn is not something to tan through; further ultraviolet exposure can prolong irritation and add to cumulative skin damage.

Move out of the sun, take a cool shower or use a cool damp cloth, and pat the skin dry. Apply a bland moisturiser or emollient while the skin is still slightly damp. Drink fluids and wear loose, soft clothing. Do not pop blisters, peel loose skin, or apply ice directly. Keep the area protected from sunlight until it has healed; sunscreen does not make actively burned skin safe to expose again. A clinician may discuss treatment options for marked inflammation.

Seek medical advice for extensive blistering, severe swelling, worsening pain, signs of infection, or a burn involving the face, eyes, hands, genitals, or a large area. Urgent help is needed for confusion, fainting, repeated vomiting, difficulty breathing, or inability to keep fluids down. A child, older adult, or person with a serious medical condition may need earlier assessment when symptoms are pronounced.

Ask whether the burn needs examination, how to protect blisters, and which moisturiser is suitable for your skin. Ask before using topical corticosteroids or other medicated products, particularly on broken skin or the face. Discuss how to prevent another burn through shade, clothing, and appropriately used sun protection.