How to reduce melasma: what to know

Melasma is a pigment condition that creates flat brown, grey-brown or tan patches, commonly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, upper lip or jaw. Hormonal changes, visible light and ultraviolet exposure can encourage pigment production. The patches are usually not scaly or painful, but another cause of dark patches can look similar, so an examination helps confirm the diagnosis.

Improvement is gradual because pigment sits in different skin layers and the triggers can continue after treatment begins. Heat, sunlight and irritating products may make the colour more noticeable. Explore [Melasma](/conditions/melasma/) and [Dark Patches On Skin](/symptoms/dark-patches-on-skin/) for related information.

Use broad-spectrum sunscreen every morning and reapply when outdoors; a hat, shade and careful sun avoidance add protection. Choose gentle cleanser and moisturiser, and stop products that sting or inflame the skin. A clinician may recommend pigment-directed topical medicines, sometimes in a planned sequence. Procedures such as [Chemical Peel](/treatments/aesthetic-procedures/chemical-peel/), [Microneedling](/treatments/aesthetic-procedures/microneedling/) or [Laser Toning](/treatments/laser-and-energy/laser-toning/) need careful selection because irritation can deepen pigmentation, particularly in darker skin tones.

Do not use unlabelled bleaching products or combine strong actives without guidance. Take consistent photographs in similar lighting so changes can be assessed rather than judged day to day. [Skin Brightening Treatment](/treatments/aesthetic-procedures/skin-brightening-treatment/) may be discussed when the diagnosis and skin sensitivity are clear.

Arrange a dermatology assessment if pigmentation is new, changing quickly, one-sided, itchy, bleeding, raised or different from your other patches. Seek prompt advice after a treatment if you develop severe burning, swelling, blistering or marked darkening. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, sensitive skin and a history of reactions affect which treatments are appropriate.

Ask what supports the diagnosis, which daily sunscreen and topical routine fit your skin, how long to try it before review, and which procedure risks post-inflammatory darkening. Also ask how to pause treatment if you become pregnant or develop irritation.