Over-the-counter oral antibiotics: what to know

Antibiotics act against particular bacteria; they do not treat viral colds or every sore throat, cough or eye problem. The wrong medicine can delay effective care, cause side effects or make future infections harder to treat. The choice depends on the infection site, allergies, pregnancy, kidney or liver problems, other medicines and local clinical guidance. Conditions such as [Cellulitis](/conditions/cellulitis/) or [Chlamydia](/conditions/chlamydia/) need an appropriate assessment and treatment plan.

Arrange a medical review when an infection is suspected rather than using leftover tablets or sharing someone else’s prescription. Bring a list of medicines and allergies, and describe when symptoms began and whether they are worsening. If antibiotics are prescribed, follow the instructions, check what to do about a missed dose, and report a rash, breathing difficulty or severe diarrhoea promptly. Do not stop or change treatment without speaking with the prescriber. Eye redness or discharge may have several causes; [Conjunctivitis](/conditions/conjunctivitis/) does not automatically require an antibiotic.

Get urgent help for trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, confusion, fainting, severe weakness, rapidly spreading redness, severe pain, or a very high fever with deterioration. A painful, hot, swollen area of skin can be [Cellulitis](/conditions/cellulitis/) and should be assessed promptly. Seek review for persistent diarrhoea after antibiotics or symptoms that are worsening despite treatment.

Ask whether the illness is likely bacterial, what test or examination is needed, why a particular antibiotic was chosen, and which side effects require immediate advice.