Hereditary ovarian cancer: what to know

Some ovarian cancers occur in families because an inherited gene change is passed through generations. A family pattern can also reflect chance, shared exposures, incomplete records, or different cancer diagnoses. The absence of known family history does not rule out inherited risk.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are examples of genes linked with ovarian and other cancers, but they are not the only genes considered. Genetic counselling places a result in context, explains what it may mean for relatives, and separates inherited findings from changes found only in tumour cells.

Collect the types of cancer, approximate ages at diagnosis, and relationship of affected relatives on both sides of the family. Bring pathology reports or genetic results if available. A genetics professional can decide whether BRCA Genetic Testing or a broader panel is appropriate.

If testing identifies inherited risk, discuss surveillance, reproductive considerations, and risk-reduction choices. Oophorectomy may be considered in selected situations, with attention to age, symptoms, fertility, and hormonal effects. A result should guide a conversation, not dictate a decision without context.

Arrange genetic counselling when several close relatives have ovarian, breast, bowel, prostate, or pancreatic cancer, when cancer occurred unusually early in a family, or when a relative has a known pathogenic gene change. Seek prompt care for persistent pelvic symptoms or unusual bleeding; urgent care is appropriate for severe pain, fainting, or heavy bleeding with weakness.

Does my family pattern meet criteria for counselling? Which relative should test first? What could the result mean for my children or siblings? How would a result change follow-up? What support is available before and after testing?