What should you know about oily scalp and dandruff?

Dandruff presents with visible flakes and may itch. Oil can make flakes cling to the scalp and hair, while inflammation can make the scalp feel tender or irritated. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a related inflammatory condition that may cause greasy scale and redness, often around the scalp, ears, eyebrows or sides of the nose.

Flaking can also follow product buildup, irritation or another scalp condition. It is not a sign of poor hygiene, and scratching can break the skin and increase discomfort.

Wash often enough to remove oil and scale without vigorously scratching. Work shampoo into the scalp rather than only the hair lengths, rinse thoroughly and follow the product directions for contact time. A medicated shampoo treatment may contain an ingredient selected for scale, yeast or inflammation; rotate or change products only with sensible guidance if one is not tolerated.

Keep combs, hats and styling tools clean, and limit heavy oils or pomades on the scalp when they worsen buildup. Conditioner can be focused on the lengths so curly or dry hair remains manageable.

See a dermatologist if flaking does not settle with consistent care, or if there are thick plaques, marked redness, pain, oozing, crusting or areas of hair loss. Prompt assessment is useful when itching is severe enough to disturb sleep or when the rash extends beyond the scalp.

Is this dandruff or seborrhoeic dermatitis? Which medicated shampoo treatment fits my scalp? How long should it remain on the scalp, and what should I use between treatment washes?