What should you know about norovirus food poisoning?

Norovirus can contaminate food or water, but it also spreads directly between people and from contaminated surfaces. Symptoms may include nausea, repeated vomiting, watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and sometimes fever. Symptoms can affect several people who shared a meal, although the timing and source are not always obvious. Food poisoning is a broad term; norovirus is one possible cause.

Vomiting and diarrhoea can remove water and salts from the body. Dehydration is more concerning for babies, older adults and people who cannot drink reliably.

Take frequent small sips of water or oral rehydration solution. Pause briefly if vomiting is triggered, then try again with smaller sips. Eat bland foods when ready and rest. Wash hands with soap and water, avoid preparing meals for others, and clean surfaces after vomiting or diarrhoea. Oral rehydration therapy may help with fluid replacement; IV fluid therapy may be needed when dehydration is severe or drinking is not possible.

Seek urgent care for fainting, confusion, severe weakness, severe abdominal pain, blood in vomit or stool, or inability to keep fluids down. Contact a clinician for very little urine, persistent vomiting, worsening diarrhoea, or a fever that does not settle. Get advice early for a young child, older adult, pregnancy or a significant medical condition.

Ask whether your symptoms need testing, which fluids are suitable, how to handle regular medicines, and when you can return to work or prepare food safely.