Why there is no hepatitis C vaccine

Hepatitis C is a virus that can damage the liver. It is mainly spread when infected blood enters another person's bloodstream. A person may have no symptoms for a long time; when symptoms occur, they can include fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, or yellowing of the skin or eyes. Having no symptoms does not rule it out.

No vaccine does not mean there is no effective care. Testing can identify infection, and a clinician can discuss medicines that clear the virus for many people. Previous infection does not reliably protect against catching it again, so prevention remains relevant.

Do not share needles, syringes, razors, toothbrushes, or equipment that may carry blood. Use reputable, properly sterilised equipment for tattoos, piercings, and medical procedures. Ask about testing after a possible blood exposure, during pregnancy, or if you have had a past risk. A GP consultation can help choose the right test and follow-up. Do not donate blood if a clinician has advised against it.

Arrange testing promptly after a possible blood exposure rather than waiting for symptoms. Seek medical care for yellow skin or eyes, very dark urine, severe abdominal pain, unusual sleepiness, confusion, or repeated vomiting. If you already have hepatitis C, ask for review if symptoms change or you have concerns about liver health.

Ask which hepatitis C tests you need, when testing should happen after an exposure, whether liver function testing is appropriate, and how results affect treatment. Discuss other liver viruses, alcohol use, medicines, pregnancy, and ways to protect household members from blood exposure.