New non-small cell lung cancer treatments

Treatment planning begins with scans, a biopsy and laboratory testing of tumour tissue. These results show whether the cancer is confined to the lung, has reached nearby lymph nodes or has spread elsewhere. Molecular testing can identify changes that may respond to a targeted medicine. Immune markers may also help the team consider immunotherapy.

An operation such as a lung lobectomy may be considered when the cancer can be removed safely. Focused radiation, including stereotactic body radiotherapy, may suit some small or localised tumours when surgery is not appropriate. Medicines given through the bloodstream can treat cancer cells beyond one area; these may include chemotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy.

Ask for a written summary of the biopsy, stage and molecular test results. Bring a list of medicines, allergies, previous illnesses and questions to the oncology appointment. Discuss the aim of treatment, how it will be delivered, likely effects on breathing and energy, and how symptoms will be managed. A second oncology opinion can help when the treatment choices feel complex.

Contact your cancer team promptly for new or worsening breathlessness, chest pain, coughing blood, fever, confusion or an inability to keep fluids down. Seek emergency help for severe breathing difficulty, blue lips, sudden weakness or collapse. During treatment, report diarrhoea, a widespread rash or unusual fatigue early because some medicine-related reactions need rapid assessment.

Which stage and tumour features guide my recommendation? Is molecular testing complete? Is the aim to remove, control or relieve the cancer? What alternatives are reasonable, and how will we monitor response? Which symptoms should prompt a same-day call?