What should you know about nasopharyngeal sore throat?

A common cold, influenza or COVID-19 may cause throat discomfort alongside congestion, cough, fever or body aches. Allergic rhinitis can irritate the area through inflammation and drainage. Acid reflux may produce burning, throat clearing or a sour taste, often after meals or when lying down. Tonsillitis, strep throat and glandular fever are other possibilities, particularly when fever, swollen glands or marked swallowing pain occur.

The symptom pattern, examination and sometimes a throat test help distinguish these causes. Antibiotics do not help viral illnesses and should only be used when prescribed.

Rest, drink warm or cool fluids according to comfort, and choose soft foods if swallowing hurts. Saline nasal spray or rinse may reduce irritating mucus; use clean equipment and prepared water. Avoid smoke and other throat irritants. Take pain relief only if suitable for you and according to the label or a clinician’s advice. Limit close contact while feverish or when a contagious infection is suspected.

Seek emergency help if you cannot breathe or swallow saliva, develop drooling, a muffled voice, severe one-sided swelling, dehydration, confusion or rapidly worsening symptoms. Arrange medical review for persistent or recurrent pain, high fever, a rash, swollen neck glands, or difficulty opening your mouth. A clinician can check for strep throat or another condition needing targeted treatment.

Does the location of my pain suggest infection, allergy or reflux? Do I need a throat swab or another test? Which pain medicines are suitable for me? When can I return to work or school? What change should prompt urgent review?