What should you know about myeloma symptoms?

Multiple myeloma affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. A breast lump or back pain can have many causes; a symptom alone does not establish myeloma. Myeloma may present with persistent bone or back pain, fractures after minor injury, unusual tiredness from anaemia, repeated infections, or easy bruising and bleeding when blood-cell production is affected.

Some people notice thirst, constipation, nausea, confusion, or passing urine more often when calcium levels rise. Kidney problems may cause swelling, changes in urine, or worsening fatigue, although they can be quiet at first. These symptoms overlap with other conditions, so testing is needed.

Arrange a medical assessment for persistent or unexplained symptoms, especially bone pain, repeated infections, or fatigue that limits normal activity. A clinician may review your history and examination and request blood and urine tests, imaging, or a bone marrow assessment. Keep a record of pain location, fever, infections, bruising, medicines, and changes in urination.

If myeloma is confirmed, treatment is tailored to the disease pattern and your general health. Options may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, bone-strengthening therapy, radiotherapy, cellular therapy, or stem cell transplant in selected situations.

Seek urgent care for new leg weakness, numbness, difficulty walking, loss of bladder or bowel control, severe sudden back pain, confusion, or inability to keep fluids down. Contact a clinician promptly for fever, shaking chills, new bleeding, marked breathlessness, or much less urine than usual.

Ask which symptoms need immediate attention, which blood and urine tests are appropriate, whether imaging is needed, and how kidney function, blood counts, calcium, and bone health will be checked. Ask who to contact outside appointments if a symptom changes.