What should you know about an otoscope and ophthalmoscope?

An otoscope is a handheld lighted instrument with a small viewing tip. It can help a clinician inspect the ear canal and eardrum for wax, redness, swelling, fluid, or a perforation. An ophthalmoscope provides light and magnification to view the retina and the optic disc through the pupil. The findings can add useful information to a history and other examination checks.

The examination may be part of a [GP Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/gp-consultation/) or a [Child Health Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/child-health-consultation/). An [Otoscope](/technology/otoscope/) is designed for ear examination; it does not replace a full eye assessment.

Tell the clinician about ear pain, discharge, reduced hearing, dizziness, eye pain, flashes, new floaters, or changes in vision. Sit still while the light is used. The ear tip may feel like pressure, particularly if the canal is inflamed, but tell the clinician if it hurts. Do not put cotton buds or objects into a painful ear before the appointment, as this can irritate the canal or push wax deeper.

Seek urgent assessment for sudden loss of vision, severe eye pain, a chemical injury, a new curtain-like shadow, or sudden weakness with vision changes. Get prompt care for severe ear pain, swelling behind the ear, new facial weakness, or fluid mixed with blood after an injury. A routine instrument check is not enough when these warning signs are present.

Ask what the clinician saw, whether wax or infection explains the symptoms, whether your vision needs a separate eye examination, and which changes should prompt urgent review.