What should you know about mood swings and irritability?

Irritability may look like a shorter temper, restlessness, tearfulness or feeling overwhelmed. Changes in routine, conflict, work pressure and lack of sleep can lower the threshold for frustration. Insomnia can therefore worsen mood even when the original problem was stress. Burnout, Depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder may also present with mood change, but irritability alone cannot identify a diagnosis.

Physical contributors deserve attention too. Missed meals or glucose-lowering treatment can contribute to Hypoglycaemia, which may bring sweating, shaking, hunger, dizziness or confusion. Pain, hormonal changes, alcohol or recreational drugs, thyroid problems and prescribed medicines can also alter mood.

Keep a brief diary of sleep, meals, caffeine, medicines, stressors, mood changes and physical symptoms. Aim for regular meals, a consistent sleep routine, daylight and gentle activity when possible. Pause before difficult conversations and use a calming breath or short break. Arrange a clinical review if symptoms last, interfere with work or relationships, or feel unlike you. Bring the diary and medicine list so the pattern can be assessed.

Seek urgent help if mood change comes with thoughts of self-harm, harming someone else, severe confusion, hallucinations, extreme agitation, or several nights with almost no sleep and unusually risky behaviour. Call emergency services if there is immediate danger. Arrange prompt medical care for confusion, fainting, seizure-like activity or suspected low blood glucose, especially if symptoms do not improve after appropriate immediate advice.

Ask what physical causes should be checked, whether a medicine or substance could be contributing, how sleep and stress are affecting you, and which warning signs should trigger urgent support. Ask about counselling or structured Insomnia Management when relevant.