What should you know about milk fever in cows?

In cattle, milk fever is a veterinary condition linked to a sudden demand for calcium when milk production begins. It is also called hypocalcaemia. The cow may first appear restless, weak, cold at the ears, or unsteady. As the problem progresses, she may lie down, have a lowered head, become less responsive, or develop muscle tremors and digestive slowdown. It is different from an infectious fever in a person.

Call a veterinarian as soon as the signs appear, especially around calving or early lactation. Keep the cow calm, dry, and safely positioned on her chest rather than allowing prolonged pressure on one side. Keep her away from hazards and do not force food, water, or oral products into a weak or poorly responsive animal. Calcium treatment, including the route and amount, should be selected and given by a veterinarian or trained professional because incorrect administration can harm the heart.

Treat inability to stand, severe weakness, marked tremors, a cold body, reduced awareness, or breathing changes as an emergency. A down cow can develop muscle and nerve injury, bloat, or other complications while waiting. Veterinary review is needed even if she briefly improves, because the calcium problem can return and another illness may look similar.

Ask the veterinarian whether the signs fit calcium deficiency or another condition, what treatment is safest, and how the cow should be monitored afterward. Discuss feeding and mineral planning for future calvings, along with warning signs that indicate relapse.