What should you know about melanoma vulvar cancer symptoms?

Itching, tenderness, burning or a persistent change in texture may also occur. Many vulvar symptoms have non-cancerous causes, so the direction matters: these symptoms can be presentations of vulvar melanoma, but they do not show that melanoma is present.

The vulva includes several structures, and a lesion may be noticed on the labia or near the clitoris or vaginal opening. A clinician may use a lighted examination and may take a biopsy from the changed area. Pathology identifies the cell type and describes features that guide further care. Imaging or lymph-node assessment may be recommended when the examination or biopsy indicates a need to check beyond the visible lesion.

Treatment is chosen according to location, depth and extent. Tumour removal surgery may be discussed, sometimes with assessment of nearby lymph nodes. Radiotherapy can be considered in selected situations, including when local treatment or symptom control is needed.

Arrange an appointment with a gynaecologist or doctor if a vulvar mark, sore, lump, itch or colour change persists or changes. Describe whether it is growing, bleeding, painful or associated with discharge. A mirror can help you notice changes, but do not delay professional review while monitoring it.

Use gentle, unscented washing and avoid scratching or applying unprescribed creams to the area. If a biopsy is planned, ask how to care for the site and what discomfort or bleeding should be expected afterward.

Seek prompt assessment for a new or changing pigmented vulvar area, a sore that does not heal, a firm lump, recurrent bleeding, persistent itching, or a new area of pain or numbness. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, rapidly increasing swelling, inability to pass urine, severe pain or fever. These signs need care even though they can arise from conditions other than cancer.

Ask whether the change needs a biopsy, how the sample will be tested, and whether nearby lymph nodes or other areas need assessment. Discuss the likely effects of surgery on comfort and sexual function, when radiotherapy might be useful, wound care, and which changes should lead to an earlier review.