What should you know about melanoma bone cancer?

Melanoma begins in pigment-producing cells, most often in the skin. If melanoma cells travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, they may settle in bone and form a secondary tumour. This is different from primary bone cancer, which starts in bone cells. Bone involvement may cause a deep ache, tenderness, reduced movement or a fracture after a minor injury, although some bone deposits cause no symptoms and are found during scans.

A care team may use imaging to assess the bones and other organs, and may examine a tissue sample when the diagnosis is uncertain. The treatment plan depends on where melanoma is present, the number and position of bone deposits, previous treatment and your general health.

Arrange an oncology review if a scan or symptom has raised concern about bone involvement. Take reports, pathology results and a list of medicines to the appointment. Treatment can combine medicines that act throughout the body with focused care for a painful or vulnerable bone. Depending on the situation, options may include [Radiotherapy](/treatments/radiation-oncology/radiotherapy/), [Tumour Removal Surgery](/treatments/surgical-oncology/tumour-removal-surgery/) or [Chemotherapy](/treatments/systemic-therapy/chemotherapy/). A clinician may also discuss pain relief, mobility support and ways to protect bone strength.

Seek urgent medical help for sudden severe bone pain, a new inability to walk or use a limb, or a suspected fracture. New leg weakness, numbness, loss of bladder or bowel control, or severe back pain can signal pressure near the spine and needs immediate assessment. Contact your oncology team promptly for pain that is rapidly worsening, new swelling, or symptoms that interfere with sleep or daily activities.

Ask which bones are affected, whether the finding is confirmed, what scans or biopsy are needed, and whether treatment aims to control melanoma, protect movement, relieve pain or achieve more than one of these goals. Ask how activity should be modified and who to contact outside appointments.