What do measles, mumps and rubella mean?

Measles often begins with fever, cough, a runny nose and sore, watery eyes before a rash spreads. Mumps typically affects salivary glands, causing swelling and tenderness around the jaw or cheeks. Rubella often causes a lighter rash and swollen glands. A [Fever](/symptoms/fever/) is a sign of inflammation, not a diagnosis.

Because measles can spread readily, suspected cases should be kept away from others while medical advice is arranged. See the dedicated [Measles](/conditions/measles/) explanation for more detail.

Write down the symptoms, their order, recent contacts, travel and any available vaccine history. Keep the person comfortable with fluids and rest, and avoid sharing household items. Telephone a [GP Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/gp-consultation/) service before arriving if measles is possible, because the waiting area may expose vulnerable people.

If records are missing or protection is uncertain, ask a clinician about [MMR Vaccination](/treatments/preventive-care-and-vaccination/mmr-vaccination/). Vaccination advice can differ according to age, pregnancy, immune health and previous doses.

Get urgent help for breathing difficulty, a seizure, confusion, marked drowsiness, inability to keep fluids down, or a stiff neck. Seek prompt advice for fever with a new rash, facial or jaw swelling, or tender [Swollen Glands](/symptoms/swollen-glands/), particularly after known exposure. Do not wait for symptoms to become severe before calling.

Ask whether the pattern fits measles, mumps or rubella; whether the person should isolate; how contacts should be protected; and whether a vaccine record review or testing is needed. Ask what changes should trigger urgent reassessment.