What causes measles and mumps?

Measles is caused by the measles virus, while mumps is caused by the mumps virus. Both can pass from an infected person when they cough, sneeze, speak, or share close indoor space. A person may spread infection before the illness is obvious, which is why exposure history matters.

The viruses enter through the nose or mouth and multiply in the body. Measles commonly causes fever followed by a rash; mumps often causes tender swelling around the cheeks or jaw. Fever and swollen glands can have many causes, so symptoms need clinical context.

If you may have been exposed, contact a GP or public-health service promptly, particularly if you are pregnant, immunocompromised, or caring for a young infant. Mention the date and type of contact, vaccination history, and any symptoms.

Stay home and avoid close contact if fever or a new rash develops. Cover coughs, wash hands, and do not share drinks or utensils. A clinician can advise about testing, isolation, and whether MMR vaccination is appropriate.

Seek same-day advice for suspected measles or mumps, especially with fever, rash, or swelling near the jaw. Call before arriving so others are protected. Get urgent help for breathing difficulty, severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, seizure, severe dehydration, or sudden testicular or abdominal pain.

Ask which infection is more consistent with your symptoms, whether anyone you contacted needs notification, how long to stay away from others, and whether your vaccination record needs updating.