MCL injury: what to know

The medial collateral ligament connects the thigh bone and shin bone along the inside of the knee. A force pushing the knee inward, a twist, or a sudden change of direction can strain it. A mild injury may leave the ligament intact, while a more substantial tear can cause inner-knee tenderness, swelling, bruising or a feeling that the knee gives way. A clinician checks the painful area and knee stability, and may use imaging when another injury is suspected.

Reduce activities that involve cutting, pivoting or side-to-side force. Keep movement gentle within comfort, and follow the examination-based plan rather than testing the knee repeatedly. A hinged support may limit unwanted movement; learn more about [Knee Bracing](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/knee-bracing/). Physiotherapy can restore motion, strength and balance in stages. A structured [Return-to-Sport Programme](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/return-to-sport-programme/) helps assess readiness before demanding activity.

Arrange an assessment if pain, swelling or instability follows a knee impact or twist, especially when walking is difficult. Seek urgent care for a visibly deformed knee, inability to bear weight, a cold or numb foot, severe rapidly increasing swelling, or pain that is not settling.

Ask which grade of ligament injury is suspected, whether the knee is stable, whether another structure needs checking, and which movements are safe now. Clarify when strengthening can begin and what signs should delay a return to sport.