Mariella Frostrup on menopause: what to know

Menopause is the stage when menstrual periods stop because ovarian hormone production changes. The transition can bring hot flushes, night sweats, mood changes, sleep disruption, vaginal dryness, or lower sexual desire. Symptoms can vary in type and intensity, and they may affect work, relationships, exercise, and confidence. Periods that stop unexpectedly, or symptoms that begin earlier than expected, deserve a clinical review rather than an assumption that they are menopause.

Keep a brief record of bleeding, flushes, sleep, mood, vaginal symptoms, and medicines. A clinician can discuss lifestyle measures, hormone treatment, non-hormonal options, and local treatments according to your health history. Mention migraines, blood clots, unexplained bleeding, liver disease, or a personal cancer history before choosing treatment. Vaginal symptoms may need a different approach from hot flushes.

Arrange medical advice for bleeding after menopause, bleeding that becomes unusually heavy, severe pelvic pain, or symptoms that interfere with daily life. Seek urgent help for sudden chest pain, breathlessness, one-sided leg swelling, weakness, or a severe new headache. A bulge, pressure, or difficulty emptying the bladder or bowel may also need assessment for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Ask whether your symptoms fit the menopause transition, what alternatives suit your medical history, how long to try a treatment, what bleeding is expected, and when you should return for review.