Mandible Bone Infection

Osteomyelitis of the mandible is infection in the lower jawbone. It may occur near an infected tooth, gum disease, an extraction site, an injury, or another source that allows germs to reach bone. Possible features include persistent jaw pain, swelling, tenderness, drainage, fever, bad taste, loose teeth, or reduced mouth opening. Symptoms can overlap with dental problems, so examination and sometimes imaging or laboratory tests are needed.

Arrange prompt review with a dentist, oral and maxillofacial specialist, or doctor. Treatment may include antibiotics selected for the suspected infection, dental treatment to remove the source, drainage of an abscess, and removal of unhealthy tissue when necessary. Take prescribed medicine exactly as directed and do not share leftover antibiotics. Eat soft foods if chewing hurts, maintain gentle mouth care, and avoid smoking while the area is being assessed. [Bone grafting](/treatments/trauma-and-fracture-care/bone-grafting/) may be considered later when infection-related bone loss requires reconstruction, after the infection is controlled.

Seek emergency care for trouble breathing or swallowing, swelling spreading into the neck or floor of the mouth, inability to open the mouth enough to drink, confusion, faintness, or rapidly worsening fever and pain. Contact the treating clinician promptly for persistent drainage, new numbness of the lower lip or chin, or symptoms that worsen despite treatment.

Ask where the infection began, whether a tooth or abscess needs treatment, which tests are needed, how long monitoring will continue, and whether any damaged bone may need reconstruction after infection control.