Malaria in infants

Infants may not describe chills, headache or muscle aches. Instead, caregivers may notice fever or a change in temperature, poor feeding, vomiting, unusual sleepiness, irritability, paleness or breathing changes. Symptoms can follow travel or residence in a malaria area and may not appear immediately after a mosquito bite. A blood test helps clinicians investigate malaria; do not try to diagnose it from a temperature or behaviour change alone.

Contact a clinician urgently if an infant has a fever or seems unwell after possible malaria exposure. Bring the child’s travel dates, locations, mosquito exposure and any medicines or prevention treatment. Give only medicines and fluids advised for the infant’s age and condition. During travel, use age-appropriate repellent guidance, protective clothing, screens and a mosquito net, and arrange travel health advice before departure.

Seek emergency care for an infant who is difficult to wake, has a seizure, struggles to breathe, collapses, repeatedly vomits, cannot feed, or has signs of dehydration. Fever after travel to a malaria area warrants same-day assessment even if the infant briefly seems better. Tell the healthcare team about possible malaria at arrival so testing can be considered promptly.

Ask which blood test is needed, how to monitor feeding and hydration, which treatment is suitable for the infant’s age and weight, and which changes require emergency help. Before travel, ask about malaria prophylaxis and mosquito protection for the child.