Loss of taste in elderly people: what to know

Ageing can alter taste and smell, but a noticeable new change deserves attention. Nasal congestion can reduce flavour because much of what people call taste comes from smell. A common cold and COVID-19 can also change these senses, while Long COVID may leave altered or reduced taste after the initial illness.

Dry mouth, gum disease, oral soreness, dentures that rub, and some medicines can interfere with eating or flavour perception. Reduced appetite, weight loss, dehydration or difficulty managing diabetes can make the problem more consequential. Keep a note of when it began, whether smell changed too, and which foods are affected.

Arrange a medication and mouth-health review with a clinician, dentist or pharmacist; do not stop a prescribed medicine without advice. Encourage regular fluids if appropriate, gentle oral care and varied foods with appealing texture and colour. Use herbs, spices or naturally tart flavours only if they are comfortable and medically suitable, and check food dates carefully because smell may no longer warn of spoilage.

If eating has dropped, offer small nourishing meals and monitor hydration, energy and weight. A clinician can examine the mouth, nose and nerves, review illnesses and decide whether testing or referral is needed.

Seek prompt medical advice for persistent or worsening loss, marked weight loss, dehydration, repeated choking, mouth ulcers that do not heal, new weakness, confusion, or a severe headache. Get urgent help for sudden facial drooping, trouble speaking, or difficulty breathing. A new sensory change alongside other neurological symptoms should not wait for a routine appointment.

Ask whether a medicine, dry mouth, dental issue, nasal problem or recent infection could explain the change; whether smell should be tested; and how to protect nutrition while the cause is being assessed.