What should you know about list of neural tube defects?

The neural tube develops very early in pregnancy and later forms the brain, spinal cord, and nearby structures. Spina bifida occurs when part of the spinal column does not close completely. Its effects vary according to the location and extent of the opening. Anencephaly is a severe defect in which major parts of the brain and skull do not develop as expected. Encephalocele involves brain tissue and its coverings pushing through an opening in the skull.

These conditions are structural differences identified through pregnancy assessment or after birth. A finding on a scan does not answer every question about a child’s future health, so specialist counselling is often part of the next step.

If you are planning a pregnancy, arrange Preconception Care to review health conditions, medicines, nutrition, and ways to support early pregnancy. If you are pregnant and a scan raises concern, ask for a detailed review and referral to the appropriate fetal medicine or newborn specialists.

An Anomaly Scan can examine fetal anatomy at the stage recommended by your maternity team. Keep a written list of your questions and take a support person if that helps. Ask what has been seen, what remains uncertain, whether further imaging is needed, and which care options are available.

Contact your maternity team promptly if you have been told that a scan may show a neural tube defect or if you have not received the follow-up arranged after an uncertain result. Seek urgent pregnancy care for heavy bleeding, severe abdominal pain, fluid loss, or feeling acutely unwell; these symptoms require assessment regardless of the scan finding.

Ask: Which structure appears affected? Is the result certain or does it need confirmation? What tests or specialist appointments come next? How could the finding affect pregnancy, birth, and newborn care? What support is available for my family?