Likelihood of early labour: what to know

Preterm labour means labour beginning before the pregnancy reaches full term. Risk can be higher with a previous early birth, a short or changing cervix, multiple pregnancy, bleeding, infection, or some uterine or placental problems. Some people have no obvious risk factor, so a risk assessment cannot predict every case.

Clinicians may ask about tightening or contractions, pelvic pressure, low backache, fluid leakage, bleeding, and changes in discharge. They may check the cervix, monitor contractions and the baby, and use tests or ultrasound when appropriate. The pattern and persistence of symptoms matter more than a single uncomfortable sensation.

Call your maternity triage service promptly if you have regular tightenings, period-like cramps, pelvic pressure, new backache, bleeding, or a gush or trickle of fluid. Rest while arranging advice, keep track of when symptoms occur, and do not delay because the symptoms are mild. Your team may recommend observation, examination, monitoring, or treatment based on gestation and findings. A cervical cerclage may be discussed for selected pregnancies with cervical-risk features.

Seek urgent maternity assessment for suspected fluid leakage, regular painful contractions, bleeding, reduced fetal movement later in pregnancy, severe abdominal pain, fever, or feeling very unwell. If preterm labour is suspected, the team may consider an Antenatal Steroid Injection and other measures to support the baby, depending on the pregnancy stage and clinical situation.

Ask whether your history or cervical measurements change your care plan, which symptoms should trigger a direct call, and what treatments might be considered if early labour is suspected.