What should you know about Perthes disease in dogs?

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease affects the developing head of the thigh bone inside the hip. Reduced blood supply can weaken this area, leading to discomfort, stiffness, and changes in how a young dog walks. Signs may include limping, reluctance to climb or jump, reduced play, or sensitivity when the hip is moved.

A veterinarian assesses gait, hip movement, muscle size, and pain. X-rays can show changes in the hip and help distinguish this condition from injury, infection, or other causes of limping. This page concerns dogs; a limping child needs a paediatric medical assessment.

Book a veterinary examination when a young dog develops a persistent limp or stops using a hind leg normally. Until then, restrict running, jumping, and rough play; use a secure, non-slip route for short toilet walks and follow prescribed pain relief exactly. Never give human pain medicine unless a veterinarian specifically directs it.

Treatment depends on severity, age, hip stability, and comfort. Some dogs are managed with activity changes, veterinary medication, and rehabilitation. Others may need surgery to remove the damaged femoral head and neck, followed by a structured recovery plan. Physiotherapy can help restore controlled movement after assessment.

Contact a veterinarian promptly if the limp is worsening, the dog cries when handled, cannot stand, refuses food, or seems unusually quiet. Seek emergency care after major trauma, when the limb is completely non-weight-bearing, or if breathing, consciousness, or circulation is also affected. Sudden severe pain should not be watched at home.

Ask which hip is affected, whether imaging is needed, how much activity is safe, and how comfort will be monitored. Discuss expected rehabilitation, signs of setbacks, and whether an orthopaedic referral or surgery is appropriate for your dog.