Lead wires for a TENS unit

TENS lead wires carry electrical pulses from the device to electrode pads, so inspect connections and use them only as directed. They should fit the intended unit and pads securely, without exposed wire, cracked insulation or loose connectors.

A TENS unit sends a controlled electrical signal through lead wires to adhesive electrodes placed on the skin. The wires do not treat the source of every type of pain, and a stronger setting is not automatically more helpful. Pad position, skin condition, programme settings and the reason for using TENS all affect the experience.

A wire that is bent sharply, frayed, hot, wet or intermittently connected can make stimulation unpredictable. Compatibility matters: connectors and output specifications vary between devices, so avoid assuming that a replacement lead will fit safely.

Turn the unit off before attaching, moving or removing pads. Check the lead and connector, then attach pads to clean, intact skin in the arrangement recommended by the clinician or device instructions. Keep wires dry, coil them loosely and store them away from heat. Replace damaged parts through the manufacturer or a qualified supplier rather than repairing exposed conductors.

Stop using the device if stimulation causes burning, significant pain, a persistent skin reaction, dizziness, chest discomfort or unusual muscle activity. Seek medical advice before using TENS if you have a pacemaker or other implanted electrical device, reduced sensation, broken skin or a condition for which electrical stimulation has been restricted. Never place pads across the front of the neck, head or chest unless a qualified professional specifically directs you.

Ask which pads and lead arrangement suit your pain, where pads should not be placed, how to adjust intensity, and how long each session should last. Confirm what to do if the skin becomes sore or the connector feels loose, and whether your medicines or implanted devices change the advice.