What should you know about late stage glioblastoma?

Glioblastoma can grow into nearby brain tissue, making its effects depend on the tumour’s location and swelling around it. A person may develop worsening headaches, seizures, weakness, speech difficulty, vision changes, personality changes, memory problems, or increasing sleepiness. These symptoms can also have other causes, so the care team uses examination and brain imaging to assess change. Late-stage disease may mean the tumour has returned, continued despite treatment, or is no longer suitable for an operation that would preserve useful brain function.

Ask the neuro-oncology team to explain the purpose and likely burdens of each option. Brain tumour surgery may be considered when removing or sampling tissue is feasible and helpful. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a clinical trial may be discussed according to prior treatment, tumour features, and overall health. Medicines can reduce swelling, control seizures, treat pain, and support sleep or mood. Rehabilitation may help with movement, speech, swallowing, or daily tasks. Palliative care can support the patient and family at any stage.

Seek urgent medical help for a first seizure, a seizure lasting longer than usual, sudden weakness, new trouble speaking, repeated vomiting, a severe or rapidly changing headache, or a marked change in alertness. Emergency services are appropriate if the person cannot be woken, has difficulty breathing, or is injured during a seizure. Keep a record of episodes and medicines for the treating team.

Where is the tumour active, and what symptoms might it cause? Is surgery technically useful? What benefit and burden might radiotherapy or chemotherapy bring? Is a clinical trial appropriate? Which changes require an emergency call?