What should you know about jaw bone osteomyelitis?

Infection may involve the bone, the gum and soft tissues around it. Pain, swelling, warmth, drainage, bad taste, loose teeth or difficulty opening the mouth can occur, but symptoms vary. A dental infection, recent procedure, injury or reduced local blood supply may be relevant to the history.

Assessment may include an examination of the mouth and face, a review of dental history and imaging. Treatment is selected according to the suspected organism, the extent of infection and whether damaged or poorly healing tissue needs attention.

Arrange prompt review with a dentist, oral and maxillofacial specialist or medical clinician. Do not squeeze a swelling or rely on leftover antibiotics. Keep taking prescribed medicines exactly as directed and report worsening pain, drainage or difficulty eating. Good oral hygiene should be gentle around tender areas.

If infection has affected the jaw structure or healing tissue, a specialist may discuss procedures such as [Bone Grafting](/treatments/trauma-and-fracture-care/bone-grafting/), although suitability depends on the individual situation.

Seek emergency help for difficulty breathing or swallowing, rapidly spreading facial or neck swelling, inability to open the mouth, confusion, severe weakness or signs of dehydration. Fever with increasing jaw pain or swelling also warrants prompt clinical contact.

Ask: Where is the infection located? Do I need imaging or a sample? Which dental source needs treatment? How will response be monitored? What symptoms require immediate help?