Is Wilms tumour safe in children?

Wilms tumour, also called nephroblastoma, develops in kidney tissue and mainly affects children. A painless abdominal swelling or lump may be noticed, although other signs can include abdominal discomfort, blood in the urine, fever, reduced appetite or high blood pressure. These findings have many possible causes and do not diagnose Wilms tumour by themselves. A paediatric oncology team may use examination, blood and urine tests, imaging and tissue assessment to understand the disease. Treatment can involve surgery, chemotherapy and sometimes radiotherapy, with attention to kidney function, growth and long-term wellbeing.

Arrange prompt assessment for a new abdominal lump, persistent swelling, blood in the urine or unexplained changes in appetite or energy. Do not press on a suspected abdominal mass. Bring the child's medication list and family history, and ask how treatment may affect school, eating, activity, kidney health and emotional support.

Seek urgent care for severe abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, breathing difficulty, marked drowsiness, heavy bleeding or a rapidly enlarging abdomen. Follow the oncology team's instructions during treatment, particularly for fever or signs of infection when the child's immune system may be weakened.

Ask which tests are planned, how kidney function will be protected, what treatment sequence is recommended, and which symptoms should prompt an immediate call to the paediatric oncology team.