Are heat cramps safe in outdoor workers?

Heat cramps are painful tightening or spasms, often in muscles used during work, after sweating in hot conditions. Heat, exertion, fluid loss and loss of body salts can all contribute. They are not a sign that it is safe to continue the same task.

A worker may also feel thirsty, tired, weak or light-headed. Symptoms can worsen when the person returns to direct sun, wears heavy protective clothing or works without enough breaks and access to suitable fluids.

Stop the activity and move to shade or an air-conditioned place. Loosen unnecessary clothing, cool the skin with wet cloths or cool air, and gently stretch or massage the cramped muscle. Sip a suitable rehydration drink if the person is alert and able to swallow.

Tell a supervisor and arrange a safe way to leave the heat. Do not return to strenuous work until symptoms have settled and a responsible clinician or workplace process supports the return. Preventive measures include acclimatisation, shaded breaks, breathable clothing and regular access to fluids.

Call emergency services for confusion, collapse, seizure, loss of consciousness, severe weakness, hot skin with worsening illness, or inability to drink. Seek medical assessment if cramps do not settle after cooling and rest, keep returning, or occur with vomiting or marked dizziness.

Ask whether any medicine or health condition increases heat risk, how to rehydrate safely, when you can resume outdoor duties and which workplace adjustments you need.