Indigestion and stomach ache: what to know

Indigestion usually refers to discomfort in the upper abdomen, such as burning, pressure, bloating, or early fullness. A stomach ache may be related to acid reflux, gastritis, a peptic ulcer, or a hiatus hernia. Gallstones can cause pain in the upper right abdomen, sometimes with nausea. Helicobacter pylori infection may contribute to recurring stomach irritation. Pain elsewhere in the abdomen, or pain with bowel changes, may point to a different digestive problem. No single sensation can confirm the cause.

For mild symptoms, eat smaller portions and avoid rushing meals. Stay upright after eating and identify foods or drinks that trigger discomfort. Drink fluids, avoid smoking, and check before using anti-inflammatory painkillers, which may irritate the stomach. A pharmacist can discuss suitable short-term indigestion relief and check for interactions with medicines you already take. Write down where the pain is, when it starts, what you ate, and whether it changes after opening your bowels.

Seek emergency care for sudden severe pain, a rigid or very tender abdomen, chest pressure, breathing difficulty, fainting, blood in vomit, or black stools. Arrange prompt review for persistent vomiting, fever, yellowing of the skin, difficulty swallowing, or unexplained weight loss. Recurring or ongoing stomach ache also warrants a clinician’s assessment.

Ask whether the pain location suggests a stomach, reflux, gallbladder, or bowel cause. Discuss medicine side effects, whether Helicobacter pylori testing is relevant, and which symptoms should lead you to seek urgent help.