Indigestion and vomiting: what to know

Indigestion may cause burning, pressure, early fullness or discomfort high in the abdomen. Vomiting can happen when the stomach is irritated or does not empty comfortably, but it may also accompany a stomach infection, food-related illness, migraine or another abdominal problem. Reflux, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and a hiatus hernia can produce overlapping symptoms.

The details matter: note how soon vomiting follows food, whether pain is severe or localised, whether there is fever or diarrhoea, and the colour of vomit. Gallstones and Helicobacter pylori infection may be considered when the wider symptom pattern points that way. Vomiting itself does not identify a single cause.

Pause solid food briefly if eating triggers vomiting, then try frequent small sips of water or an oral rehydration drink. Once fluids stay down, restart with light portions and avoid alcohol, greasy meals and medicines that irritate the stomach unless a clinician has prescribed them. Rest on your side or sit upright rather than lying flat after drinking.

Do not take anti-sickness or indigestion products without checking suitability, particularly for a child, an older adult, pregnancy, or a person with long-term illness. A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether acid reflux medication has a place in your situation.

Get urgent medical help if vomiting is repeated, you cannot keep fluids down, or you have signs of dehydration such as very little urine, marked dizziness or unusual drowsiness. Emergency assessment is needed for blood or coffee-ground material in vomit, black stools, severe or worsening abdominal pain, a swollen rigid abdomen, fainting, chest pain, breathing difficulty, confusion or yellow skin.

Could this be irritation, reflux, infection or a medicine effect? How should I replace fluids? Do I need tests for an ulcer or Helicobacter pylori infection? Which medicines should I pause or avoid, and when should I return if vomiting continues?